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Share Paper 3844

Nontransparent Stressed Syllables in Vowel Harmony: A Gestural Account
Rachel Walker
392-401 (complete paper or proceedings contents)

Abstract

A recent crosslinguistic study of positional privilege in vowel harmony observes that although prominent positions may uniquely block harmony, they are not singled out for transparency (Kaplan & Walker to appear). This typological gap is not predicted under a traditional set of theoretical assumptions in Optimality Theory (OT). If transparent vowels are skipped by harmony, a grammar is predicted in which positional faithfulness for the stressed syllable and a spreading imperative constraint are enforced at the cost of the constraint that penalizes skipping: ˈσ-Faithfulness >> Spreading Imperative >> *Skip. In this scenario, harmony would operate among unstressed vowels but skip those that are stressed. To address this unwanted prediction, this paper proposes an analysis that employs gestural representations (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1995), centering on two key points. First, spreading does not actually skip vowels. Transparency results when the goal state of the harmonizing gesture is not achieved in a vowel due to blending with a concurrently active opposing gesture (Benus 2005, Gafos & Benus 2006, Smith 2018). Second, stressed vowels resist transparency because they are a locus of hyperarticulation due to a prosodic μ-gesture (Katsika & Tsai 2021), a context hypothesized to disfavor concurrently active opposing gestures. In the Gestural Harmony Model (Smith 2018), transparent vowels violate a version of a constraint *Overlap(Gest-x, Gest-y) that prohibits overlap of opposing gestures. Extending this approach, it is proposed that *Overlap constraints may incorporate prosodic μ-gestures, which are associated with a metrically prominent position: *Overlap(μ-Gest, Gest-x, Gest-y). The prosodically sensitive *Overlap constraint stands in a stringency relation with the general *Overlap constraint, which can give rise to asymmetric transparency in unstressed vowels but not stressed vowels. The proposal is illustrated in application to laxing/RTR harmony in the Eastern Andalusian Spanish variety of Granada (Jiménez & Lloret 2007, 2020, Lloret & Jiménez 2009), in which unstressed vowels may optionally exhibit harmony but stressed vowels consistently harmonize.

Published in

Proceedings of the 42nd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics
edited by Shweta Akolkar, Amber Galvano, Akil Ismael, Kang Franco Liu, and Line Mikkelsen
Table of contents
Printed edition: $475.00